Binary to ip address
Author: h | 2025-04-24
About IP(IPv4/IPv6) Address to Binary Converter . The IP Address to Binary Converter is used to convert an IP address (IPv4/IPv6 address) to binary code. About IP(IPv4/IPv6) Address to Binary Converter . The IP Address to Binary Converter is used to convert an IP address (IPv4/IPv6 address) to binary code.
IP Address to Binary Calculator
1. IntroductionDevices on a network are identified by a unique IP address, consisting of two parts: the network ID and the host ID.However, determining the network ID and host ID from an IP address can be a little tricky, especially if you don’t know the subnet mask of the network. The subnet mask determines which bits in the IP address are used to identify the network and host.In this tutorial, we’ll show you how to figure out the subnet ID and host ID from an IP address.2. IP AddressingIP addressing is a method of assigning unique addresses to devices connected to the internet. It was the first system developed for IP addressing and is still used in networks today. The representation of a 32-bit IP address as a sequence of 32 binary digits or bits is usually written in decimal notation, with each of the four octets separated by a period (.) symbol.The following figure shows an example of an IP address conversion:An example of an IP address conversionIn decimal notation, each octet represents a number between 0 and 255. The first octet is the most significant and the fourth octet is the least significant. As clearly seen from the figure above, converting each octet from decimal to binary obtains the binary representation of the IP address, or vice versa.The standard organization divides IP addresses into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has a predefined range of IP addresses that can be assigned to devices.2.1. Class
Converting IP addresses into Binary
Conversely, the number of available IP addresses per network increases as the subnet mask gets smaller (i.e., more bits for the host ID). But the number of available networks decreases.It’s important to choose the right subnet mask for a network to ensure that there are enough IP addresses for the devices on the network. One must choose the appropriate subnet mask for a network to ensure that there are enough IP addresses for the devices on the network without wasting any IP addresses.3.1. Determining the Subnet ID and Host IDNow that we understand subnet masks let’s figure out the subnet ID and host ID from an IP address using the subnet mask. Suppose we have a Class C IP address 192.168.1.50 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.First, we need to convert the IP address and subnet mask to binary. The following figure shows a binary representation of 192.168.1.50 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0:Next, we perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask:Therefore, the resulting binary number is the subnet ID (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000), which we need to convert back to decimal form. Thus 192.168.1.0 is the subnet ID and the remaining bits in the IP address (00110010) are the host ID, which we also need to convert back to decimal form: Host ID: 50. Therefore, the IP address 192.168.1.50 belongs to the network 192.168.1.0 with a host ID of 50.Let’s have a look at more examples of this.Example 1: IP address: 10.0.0.55 and Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0Therefore: SubnetIP Address to Binary Converter
Maintaining high levels of security. This successful implementation of subnetting at UC Berkeley highlights how smart network design can lead to improved operational efficiency.You can learn more about UC Berkeley’s approach to subnetting and network security in their Protected Subnet Guideline (Berkeley Security).Subnet masking and CIDR notationSubnet masks are key to identify the network and host portions of an IP address – an IP address is a 32-bit number, and the subnet mask defines which bits are used for the network prefix and which is for the host identifier.For example, in the IP address 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, the first 24 bits (the network portion) are used to identify the subnet, while the remaining 8 bits (the host portion) are for individual devices within that subnet.CIDR notation is a method used in IP address allocation that improves the flexibility and efficiency of IP addressing. CIDR notation combines the IP address with a suffix that indicates the number of bits in the network prefix. For instance, the notation 192.168.1.0/24 signifies that the first 24 bits are designated for the network, allowing for up to 256 addresses in that subnet. This system has largely replaced the older class-based system, providing more efficient use of IP addresses and enabling better routing.Step-by-step processUnderstand the basics:Recognize how IP addresses are divided into binary – an IP address consists of four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1), each ranging from 0 to 255. In binary form, this translates to 32 bits (e.g., 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001).Apply CIDR notation:Learn how CIDR helps in flexible IP address allocation – for example, a /24 subnet allows for 256 total addresses (including network and broadcast addresses), while a /16 subnet allows for 65,536 addresses. Understanding CIDR notation enables more granular control over how IP addresses are assigned, helping prevent address exhaustion and ensuring. About IP(IPv4/IPv6) Address to Binary Converter . The IP Address to Binary Converter is used to convert an IP address (IPv4/IPv6 address) to binary code.Convert an IP Address to Binary
* * @param map Map * @return Sorted Map */ private static MapString, Integer> sortMap(MapString, Integer> map) { ListMap.EntryString, Integer>> entries = new ArrayList(map.entrySet()); Collections.sort(entries, new ComparatorMap.EntryString, Integer>>() { @Override public int compare(Map.EntryString, Integer> o1, Map.EntryString, Integer> o2) { return o2.getValue().compareTo(o1.getValue()); // descending } }); MapString, Integer> sortedMap = new LinkedHashMap(); for (Map.EntryString, Integer> entry : entries) { sortedMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } return sortedMap; } /** * Merge IP address quartet into a single binary string. * * Example: 192.168.0.1 to 11000000101010000000000000000001 * * @param ipAddress IP address * @return A single integer that stores IP address binary string */ private static int convertQuartetToBinaryString(String ipAddress) { String[] ip = ipAddress.split("\\.|/"); int octet1 = Integer.parseInt(ip[0]); int octet2 = Integer.parseInt(ip[1]); int octet3 = Integer.parseInt(ip[2]); int octet4 = Integer.parseInt(ip[3]); int output = octet1; output = (output 8) + octet2; output = (output 8) + octet3; output = (output 8) + octet4; return output; } /** * Separate IP address binary string into quartet. * * Example: 11000000101010000000000000000001 to 192.168.0.1 * * @param ipAddress IP address binary string * @return A string of IP address in the form of quartet */ private static String convertIpToQuartet(int ipAddress) { int octet1 = (ipAddress >> 24) & 255; int octet2 = (ipAddress >> 16) & 255; int octet3 = (ipAddress >> 8) & 255; int octet4 = ipAddress & 255; return octet1 + "." + octet2 + "." + octet3 + "." + octet4; } /** * Find the first IP address for the specified network. * * @param majorNetwork Major network IP * @return The first IP address */ private static int findFirstIp(String majorNetwork) { String[] ip = majorNetwork.split("/"); int mask = Integer.parseInt(ip[1]); // parse CIDR mask int offset = Integer.SIZE - mask; int majorAddress = convertQuartetToBinaryString(majorNetwork); int firstIp = (majorAddress >> offset) offset; return firstIp; } /** * Calculate mask and return it in CIDR notation. * * @param neededSize The size for subnet * @return Mask */ private static int calcMask(int neededSize) { int highestBit = Integer.highestOneBit(neededSize); int position = (int) (Math.log(highestBit) / Math.log(2)); return Integer.SIZE - (position + 1); // +1 because position starts with 0 } /** * Find the total number of usable IP address/hosts. * * @param mask Mask * @return Total number of hosts */ private static int findUsableHosts(int mask) { return (int) Math.pow(2, Integer.SIZE - mask) - 2; } /** * Convert mask from CIDR notation to quartet form. * * Example: '/24' to '255.255.255.0' * * @param mask Mask in CIDR notation * @return Mask in quartet form */ private static String toDecMask(int mask) { if (mask == 0) { return "0.0.0.0"; } int allOne = -1; // '255.255.255.255' int shifted = allOne Integer.SIZE - mask); return convertIpToQuartet(shifted); } private static class Subnet { public String name; public int neededSize; public int allocatedSize; public String address; public String mask; public String decMask; public String range; public String broadcast; } }Binary and IP Address - Quizalize
Four dotted decimal integers, each of which corresponds to one byte. For example, an IPv4 address represented as 00001010 00000001 00000001 00000010 in binary can be adjusted to 10.1.1.2 in dotted decimal notation.The network mask, which is of the same length the IP address bit, 32 bits in total and, when represented in binary, consists of a series of consecutive “1 s” and a series of consecutive “0 s”, is also usually represented in dotted decimal notation. The number of “1” in the network mask is regarded as the length of the network mask. For example, the length of the network mask 252.0.0.0 is 6.A network masks are typically used in conjunction with an IP address. The bit positions with a “1” correspond with the bit positions in the IP address that are part of the NET_ID, and the bit positions with a “0” corresponds the HOST_ID in the IP address. Thus identifying the network ID and host ID in an IP address.The IP address consists of two parts as shown in Fig. 4.7. 1. Network ID (NET-ID): Used to identify a network. Network ID is the result of converting the IP address and network mask into digits in the binary notation, and then carrying out bitwise calculation. 2. Host ID (HOST-ID): Used to distinguish different hosts within a network. Devices with the same network number are in the same network regardless of their actual physical locations. Host ID is the result of converting the IP address and network mask into digits in the binary notation, performing bitwise NOT operation on the network mask, and then carrying out bitwise calculation. In order to facilitate IP address management and networking, IP addresses fall into five classes, as shown in Fig. 4.8.Fig. 4.7Two-level IP address structureFull size imageFig. 4.8Five IP address classesFull size imageIn Fig. 4.8, Classes A, B and C IP addresses are called host addresses, for identifying devices and hosts in the network; Class D addresses are multicast addresses; and Class E addresses are reserved. The address ranges of different IP address classes is shown in Table 4.2.Table 4.2 Address ranges of different IP address classesFull size tableSome 32-bit IP addresses are reserved for special purposes and are not available to general users. The common special IP addresses are shown in Table 4.3.Table 4.3 Common special IP addressesFull size tableBesides, to address the shortage of IP addresses, some of Class A, B, and C addresses are planned as private IP addresses, that is, the internal network addresses or host addresses that can only be used for the internal networks, rather than public networks. A private IP address can be reused in an internal network, as shown in Table 4.4.Table 4.4 Private IP addressesFull size table4.3 VLANThe Ethernet is a CSMA/CD-based data network communication technology that enables sharing communication medium. In case of host gathering, there will be serious problems such as serious conflicts, broadcast flooding, significant performance degradation, and even network unavailability. Although the serious conflicts can be addressed byConvert an IP Address to Binary – Online Binary
Equals of IP address and Subnet and use AND again.IP Add : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110010SubM : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100AND : 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000The result of AND operation is the Network Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110000 in binary. The decimal value of this is 10.128.240.48.Here, the last two bits are host bits and the other bits are network bits. When we set all the host bits with 1s, we will find the Broadcast Address. This is 00001010.10000000.11110000.00110011 in binary. The decimal value is 10.128.240.51.The middle addresses can be used for hosts. These addresses are 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50.Network Address : 10.128.240.48Host Addresses : 10.128.240.49 and 10.128.240.50Broadcast Address : 10.128.240.51/30 addresses are generally used in Service Provider Networks. So, you can work with /30 too much in the future.Subnetting Example 3Now, let’s do a comparison example and see the benefits of Subnetting.Think about 172.16.100.0/24 prefix and 172.16.100.0/28 prefix. As you can see, the only difference is Subnet Mask. In the first prefix, first 24 bits is network bits and the last 8 bits (32-24) are the host bits. In the second prefix, first 28 bits are network bits and the last 4 bits (32-28) are host bits.Let’s firstly talk about the first Prefix. We will write the IP Address and the Subnet Mask of this Prefix in binary format:172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.0 =11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000When we use AND operation, our network address is 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 (the same as the IP showed in prefix by change). This is 172.16.100.0 .And the Broadcast address is 172.16.100.255. The other 254 IP addresses are host IP addresses.172.16.100.1172.16.100.2….172.16.100.254For the first prefix, we have only one network that has 254 hosts.Now, let’s check the second prefix. 172.16.100.0 /28.172.16.100.0 = 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000255.255.255.240 =11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000When we use AND operation here, our network address will be the same, in binary 10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 or in decimal 172.16.100.0. But our Broadcast address will change, because our host bits are only the last 4 bits anymore.10101100.00010000.01100100.00000000 network address (172.16.100.0)10101100.00010000.01100100.00001111 broadcast address (172.16.100.15)This is for the first network. We divide the network by using higher Subnet Mask. So, let’s look at the other networks:10101100.00010000.01100100.0001000010101100.00010000.01100100.0010000010101100.00010000.01100100.0011000010101100.00010000.01100100.01000000….10101100.00010000.01100100.11110000As you can see, we have 16 networks. We have devide a Prefix, into smaller 16 different Prefix. Eaach of these Prefix has 14 host address, 1 broadcast address and 1 network address.So, if we use a given address with a higher Subnet Mask value like given in the second example, we will have more networks. In other words, we can divide the network into smaller pieces. So, we will not waste the IP Addresses. Smaller networks that has few hosts do not need more addresses. With Subnetting, using a small network with few host addresses is a way of best practice of a network engineer.Before the usage of an IP Prefix, it is better to checkConvert Binary to an IP Address – Online Binary
That is used on Alcatel-Lucent Service Routers. This is a specific loopback address that provide to reach the router’s itself. This address is very important for ALU routers.It is used in many protocol configurations. System addresses are /32 IP addresses.Now, let’s practice what we have learned with Subnetting Examples.Subnetting ExamplesIn this part, we will see four different Subnetting Examples. With these Subnetting Examples, you will learn this lesson very well.IP Subnetting Examples: Example 1In the first one of the Subnetting Examples, we will use, 192.168.5.85 /24 Address.Let’s determine the network and host part of this address. This is the first example, so we are starting with an easy example.IP Address : 192.168.5.85Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0For this example, firstly we will convert this decimal numbers to the binary equals. As you can see below, the 1s in the Subnet Mask will show the number of bits that network part has. And the 0s will show the host part bits.IP Address : 11000000. 10101000.00000101.01010101Subnet Mask : 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000So, here, the first 24 bits (First 3 octets) are network bits and the last 8 bits (Last octet) are the host bits.For this IP and Subnet Mask, to determine the Network Address of this IP address, we will use “AND” operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask in binary mode.IP Add: 11000000. 10101000.00000101.01010101SubM : 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000AND : 11000000. 10101000.00000101.00000000When we use AND operation with this binary numbers, as you can see, the last octet will be multiple with zero (AND is Multiplication). So the result of this multiplication will be 192.168.5.0. Here, the first three octets will be same as IP address and the last octet will be full of 0s.For this example our broadcast address will be 192.168.5.255. AS you can see, all the host bits are full of 1s for broadcast address. The other addresses in the middle through 192.168.5.1 to 192.168.5.254 are host addresses.IP Subnetting Examples: Example 2In the second one of Subnetting Examples, we will do a little more complex example. This time our IP address will be 10.128.240.50/30.IP Address : 10.128.240.50Sunet Mask : 255.255.255.252Here, there is a challenge in front of us. As you can see, we have seen the /30 and write 255.255.255.252. How can we do this? Let’s see bit by bit./30 means that the subnet mask has 30 bits 1s and 2 bits 0s. Remember the total Subnet Mask is 32 bits. So in binary mode our Subnet Mask is:11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 (First 30 bits are 1s and 2 bits are 0s)And the decimal equal of this Subnet Mask is : 255.255.255.252Now, let’s determine the network, broadcast and host addresses of this prefix. An IP address with Subnet Mask called Prefix.So, we will write the binary. About IP(IPv4/IPv6) Address to Binary Converter . The IP Address to Binary Converter is used to convert an IP address (IPv4/IPv6 address) to binary code. About IP(IPv4/IPv6) Address to Binary Converter . The IP Address to Binary Converter is used to convert an IP address (IPv4/IPv6 address) to binary code.
Binary to IP Converter: Convert binary system in IP address in a
Clouddocs > > IP::addr Description¶Performs comparison of IP address/subnet/supernet to IPaddress/subnet/supernet, or parses 4 binary bytes into an IPv4 dottedquad addressSyntax¶IP::addr addr1>[/mask>] equals addr2>[/mask>]IP::addr parse [-swap] binary field> [offset>]IP::addr addr1> mask mask>v11 Additions/Changes:IP::addr parse [-ipv6|-ipv4 [-swap]] bytearray> [offset>]IP address comparison¶Performs comparison of IP address/subnet/supernet to IPaddress/subnet/supernet.Returns 0 if no match, 1 for a match.Use of IP::addr is not necessary if the class (v10+)or matchclass (v9) command is used to performthe address-to-address comparison.Does NOT perform a string comparison. To perform a literal stringcomparison, simply compare the 2 strings with the appropriate operator(equals, contains, starts_with, etc) rather than using the IP::addrcomparison.For versions 10.0 - 10.2.1, use the “slash notation” such as “/16” or“/24” instead of dotted decimal for the netmask like “/255.255.255.0”.The latter dotted decimal netmask notation passes iRule validation inversions 10.0 - 10.2.1, but does not reliably work. You can, however,specify the IP and mask as follows: “10.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0” (noslash at all with double quotes). The dotted decimal notation for / isrestored in version 10.2.2. (bug id 347628)IP address parsing (10.2.0-HF2 or higher only)¶Parses the value in into an IPv4 dotted quad address,starting at the given offset in bytes. The value of binaryfield must be 4 or more binary bytes intended to be parsed as an IPaddress. If the -swap option is specified, network byte orderconversion is performed on the bytes before parsing the address.Network ID Query¶Calculates the network ID of the given IP address and netmask for usein such constructs as switch statements.Route Domains¶The address parameter does not pick up the partition default RouteDomain. This is ID476920. When matching an address with a RouteDomain, the Route Domain must be specified.Examples¶To perform comparison of IP address 10.10.10.1 with subnet 10.0.0.0.(Will return 1, since it is a match.)[IP::addr 10.10.10.1 equals 10.0.0.0/8]To perform comparison of client-side IP address with subnet 10.0.0.0.(Will return 1 or 0, depending on client IP address.)[IP::addr [IP::client_addr]/8 equals 10.0.0.0][IP::addr "10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0" equals [IP::client_addr]][IP::addr 10.42.2.0/24 equals 10.42.2.1]: 1[IP::addr 10.42.2.2 equals 10.42.2.0/24]: 1[IP::addr "10.42.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0" equals 10.42.2.1]: 1[IP::addr 10.42.2.2 equals "10.42.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0"]: 1To select a specific pool for a specific client IP address.when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { if { [IP::addr [IP::client_addr] equals 10.10.10.10] } { pool my_pool }}To perform a comparison of IP address 10.10.10.1 with a list ofaddresses in a Data Group List, use class (v10) ormatchclass (v9) instead:[class match 10.10.10.1 equals client_ip_class][matchclass 10.10.10.1 equals myIPs]To validate an IP address, you can use catch statement (by natty76)set aIp to Binary Converter: Convert IP address in binary in a click
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Subnetting isn’t hard, but I often see even experienced network engineers looking for subnet calculators or trying to count in binary on their fingers. So how about a quick primer? Let’s jump in to understand IPv4 subnets, remember what a subnet is and think about the IP address in binary. A subnet is just a range of IP addresses. All the devices in the same subnet can communicate directly with one another without going through any routers. In IPv4, a network interface is connected to only one subnet and has only one IP address. In IPv6 things are slightly more complicated, so we’ll save IPv6 subnetting for another article. But it’s useful to understand IPv4 first because the basic concepts are the same. My laptop is on a subnet that also includes a server, a printer, a couple of other workstations, and a router. If I want to communicate with another device in my subnet, I can send packets to it directly. If it’s not on my subnet, I need to forward the packet to a router first. That router also needs to be on my subnet. My computer knows that another device is in my subnet by looking at my own IP address and my subnet mask. Suppose my IP address is 192.168.101.15 and my subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. There are 32 bits in the IP address and the same number in the mask. We always write those 32 bits as four 8-bit numbers, often called octets. The thing that can make it confusing is that we use decimal notation for each of those 8-bit numbers, but the mechanics of subnetting are really going on in binary. Let’s look at the IP address side by side with the mask in both decimal and binary notation: 192.168.101.15 = 1100 0000 . 1010 1000 . 0110 0101 . 0000 1111255.255.255.0 = 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 0000 0000 Anywhere the mask has a 1 is the network portion of the address. Anywhere the mask has a 0 is the host portion of the address. The network portion is 192.168.101.0 and the host portion is xx.xx.xx.15. (To make it a little simpler, we always group all the ones to the left and all the zeroes to the right of the mask.) Any other device with the same network portion is part of my subnet. So 192.168.101.1 is part of my subnet and 192.168.101.100 is part of my subnet, but 192.168.102.15 isn’t part of my subnet and I need to go through the router to reach it. 192.168.101.0 = 1100 0000 . 1010 1000 . 0110 0101 . 0000 0000192.168.101.1 = 1100 0000 . 1010 1000 . 0110 0101 . 0000 0001192.168.101.15 = 1100 0000 . 1010 1000 . 0110 0101 . 0000 1111192.168.102.15 = 1100 0000 . 1010 1000 . 0110 0110 . 0000 1111255.255.255.0 = 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 0000 0000 Look at the highlighted last two bits of the third octetComments
1. IntroductionDevices on a network are identified by a unique IP address, consisting of two parts: the network ID and the host ID.However, determining the network ID and host ID from an IP address can be a little tricky, especially if you don’t know the subnet mask of the network. The subnet mask determines which bits in the IP address are used to identify the network and host.In this tutorial, we’ll show you how to figure out the subnet ID and host ID from an IP address.2. IP AddressingIP addressing is a method of assigning unique addresses to devices connected to the internet. It was the first system developed for IP addressing and is still used in networks today. The representation of a 32-bit IP address as a sequence of 32 binary digits or bits is usually written in decimal notation, with each of the four octets separated by a period (.) symbol.The following figure shows an example of an IP address conversion:An example of an IP address conversionIn decimal notation, each octet represents a number between 0 and 255. The first octet is the most significant and the fourth octet is the least significant. As clearly seen from the figure above, converting each octet from decimal to binary obtains the binary representation of the IP address, or vice versa.The standard organization divides IP addresses into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has a predefined range of IP addresses that can be assigned to devices.2.1. Class
2025-04-07Conversely, the number of available IP addresses per network increases as the subnet mask gets smaller (i.e., more bits for the host ID). But the number of available networks decreases.It’s important to choose the right subnet mask for a network to ensure that there are enough IP addresses for the devices on the network. One must choose the appropriate subnet mask for a network to ensure that there are enough IP addresses for the devices on the network without wasting any IP addresses.3.1. Determining the Subnet ID and Host IDNow that we understand subnet masks let’s figure out the subnet ID and host ID from an IP address using the subnet mask. Suppose we have a Class C IP address 192.168.1.50 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.First, we need to convert the IP address and subnet mask to binary. The following figure shows a binary representation of 192.168.1.50 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0:Next, we perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask:Therefore, the resulting binary number is the subnet ID (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000), which we need to convert back to decimal form. Thus 192.168.1.0 is the subnet ID and the remaining bits in the IP address (00110010) are the host ID, which we also need to convert back to decimal form: Host ID: 50. Therefore, the IP address 192.168.1.50 belongs to the network 192.168.1.0 with a host ID of 50.Let’s have a look at more examples of this.Example 1: IP address: 10.0.0.55 and Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0Therefore: Subnet
2025-04-05* * @param map Map * @return Sorted Map */ private static MapString, Integer> sortMap(MapString, Integer> map) { ListMap.EntryString, Integer>> entries = new ArrayList(map.entrySet()); Collections.sort(entries, new ComparatorMap.EntryString, Integer>>() { @Override public int compare(Map.EntryString, Integer> o1, Map.EntryString, Integer> o2) { return o2.getValue().compareTo(o1.getValue()); // descending } }); MapString, Integer> sortedMap = new LinkedHashMap(); for (Map.EntryString, Integer> entry : entries) { sortedMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } return sortedMap; } /** * Merge IP address quartet into a single binary string. * * Example: 192.168.0.1 to 11000000101010000000000000000001 * * @param ipAddress IP address * @return A single integer that stores IP address binary string */ private static int convertQuartetToBinaryString(String ipAddress) { String[] ip = ipAddress.split("\\.|/"); int octet1 = Integer.parseInt(ip[0]); int octet2 = Integer.parseInt(ip[1]); int octet3 = Integer.parseInt(ip[2]); int octet4 = Integer.parseInt(ip[3]); int output = octet1; output = (output 8) + octet2; output = (output 8) + octet3; output = (output 8) + octet4; return output; } /** * Separate IP address binary string into quartet. * * Example: 11000000101010000000000000000001 to 192.168.0.1 * * @param ipAddress IP address binary string * @return A string of IP address in the form of quartet */ private static String convertIpToQuartet(int ipAddress) { int octet1 = (ipAddress >> 24) & 255; int octet2 = (ipAddress >> 16) & 255; int octet3 = (ipAddress >> 8) & 255; int octet4 = ipAddress & 255; return octet1 + "." + octet2 + "." + octet3 + "." + octet4; } /** * Find the first IP address for the specified network. * * @param majorNetwork Major network IP * @return The first IP address */ private static int findFirstIp(String majorNetwork) { String[] ip = majorNetwork.split("/"); int mask = Integer.parseInt(ip[1]); // parse CIDR mask int offset = Integer.SIZE - mask; int majorAddress = convertQuartetToBinaryString(majorNetwork); int firstIp = (majorAddress >> offset) offset; return firstIp; } /** * Calculate mask and return it in CIDR notation. * * @param neededSize The size for subnet * @return Mask */ private static int calcMask(int neededSize) { int highestBit = Integer.highestOneBit(neededSize); int position = (int) (Math.log(highestBit) / Math.log(2)); return Integer.SIZE - (position + 1); // +1 because position starts with 0 } /** * Find the total number of usable IP address/hosts. * * @param mask Mask * @return Total number of hosts */ private static int findUsableHosts(int mask) { return (int) Math.pow(2, Integer.SIZE - mask) - 2; } /** * Convert mask from CIDR notation to quartet form. * * Example: '/24' to '255.255.255.0' * * @param mask Mask in CIDR notation * @return Mask in quartet form */ private static String toDecMask(int mask) { if (mask == 0) { return "0.0.0.0"; } int allOne = -1; // '255.255.255.255' int shifted = allOne Integer.SIZE - mask); return convertIpToQuartet(shifted); } private static class Subnet { public String name; public int neededSize; public int allocatedSize; public String address; public String mask; public String decMask; public String range; public String broadcast; } }
2025-04-18Four dotted decimal integers, each of which corresponds to one byte. For example, an IPv4 address represented as 00001010 00000001 00000001 00000010 in binary can be adjusted to 10.1.1.2 in dotted decimal notation.The network mask, which is of the same length the IP address bit, 32 bits in total and, when represented in binary, consists of a series of consecutive “1 s” and a series of consecutive “0 s”, is also usually represented in dotted decimal notation. The number of “1” in the network mask is regarded as the length of the network mask. For example, the length of the network mask 252.0.0.0 is 6.A network masks are typically used in conjunction with an IP address. The bit positions with a “1” correspond with the bit positions in the IP address that are part of the NET_ID, and the bit positions with a “0” corresponds the HOST_ID in the IP address. Thus identifying the network ID and host ID in an IP address.The IP address consists of two parts as shown in Fig. 4.7. 1. Network ID (NET-ID): Used to identify a network. Network ID is the result of converting the IP address and network mask into digits in the binary notation, and then carrying out bitwise calculation. 2. Host ID (HOST-ID): Used to distinguish different hosts within a network. Devices with the same network number are in the same network regardless of their actual physical locations. Host ID is the result of converting the IP address and network mask into digits in the binary notation, performing bitwise NOT operation on the network mask, and then carrying out bitwise calculation. In order to facilitate IP address management and networking, IP addresses fall into five classes, as shown in Fig. 4.8.Fig. 4.7Two-level IP address structureFull size imageFig. 4.8Five IP address classesFull size imageIn Fig. 4.8, Classes A, B and C IP addresses are called host addresses, for identifying devices and hosts in the network; Class D addresses are multicast addresses; and Class E addresses are reserved. The address ranges of different IP address classes is shown in Table 4.2.Table 4.2 Address ranges of different IP address classesFull size tableSome 32-bit IP addresses are reserved for special purposes and are not available to general users. The common special IP addresses are shown in Table 4.3.Table 4.3 Common special IP addressesFull size tableBesides, to address the shortage of IP addresses, some of Class A, B, and C addresses are planned as private IP addresses, that is, the internal network addresses or host addresses that can only be used for the internal networks, rather than public networks. A private IP address can be reused in an internal network, as shown in Table 4.4.Table 4.4 Private IP addressesFull size table4.3 VLANThe Ethernet is a CSMA/CD-based data network communication technology that enables sharing communication medium. In case of host gathering, there will be serious problems such as serious conflicts, broadcast flooding, significant performance degradation, and even network unavailability. Although the serious conflicts can be addressed by
2025-03-26That is used on Alcatel-Lucent Service Routers. This is a specific loopback address that provide to reach the router’s itself. This address is very important for ALU routers.It is used in many protocol configurations. System addresses are /32 IP addresses.Now, let’s practice what we have learned with Subnetting Examples.Subnetting ExamplesIn this part, we will see four different Subnetting Examples. With these Subnetting Examples, you will learn this lesson very well.IP Subnetting Examples: Example 1In the first one of the Subnetting Examples, we will use, 192.168.5.85 /24 Address.Let’s determine the network and host part of this address. This is the first example, so we are starting with an easy example.IP Address : 192.168.5.85Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0For this example, firstly we will convert this decimal numbers to the binary equals. As you can see below, the 1s in the Subnet Mask will show the number of bits that network part has. And the 0s will show the host part bits.IP Address : 11000000. 10101000.00000101.01010101Subnet Mask : 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000So, here, the first 24 bits (First 3 octets) are network bits and the last 8 bits (Last octet) are the host bits.For this IP and Subnet Mask, to determine the Network Address of this IP address, we will use “AND” operation between IP Address and Subnet Mask in binary mode.IP Add: 11000000. 10101000.00000101.01010101SubM : 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000AND : 11000000. 10101000.00000101.00000000When we use AND operation with this binary numbers, as you can see, the last octet will be multiple with zero (AND is Multiplication). So the result of this multiplication will be 192.168.5.0. Here, the first three octets will be same as IP address and the last octet will be full of 0s.For this example our broadcast address will be 192.168.5.255. AS you can see, all the host bits are full of 1s for broadcast address. The other addresses in the middle through 192.168.5.1 to 192.168.5.254 are host addresses.IP Subnetting Examples: Example 2In the second one of Subnetting Examples, we will do a little more complex example. This time our IP address will be 10.128.240.50/30.IP Address : 10.128.240.50Sunet Mask : 255.255.255.252Here, there is a challenge in front of us. As you can see, we have seen the /30 and write 255.255.255.252. How can we do this? Let’s see bit by bit./30 means that the subnet mask has 30 bits 1s and 2 bits 0s. Remember the total Subnet Mask is 32 bits. So in binary mode our Subnet Mask is:11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 (First 30 bits are 1s and 2 bits are 0s)And the decimal equal of this Subnet Mask is : 255.255.255.252Now, let’s determine the network, broadcast and host addresses of this prefix. An IP address with Subnet Mask called Prefix.So, we will write the binary
2025-04-15Clouddocs > > IP::addr Description¶Performs comparison of IP address/subnet/supernet to IPaddress/subnet/supernet, or parses 4 binary bytes into an IPv4 dottedquad addressSyntax¶IP::addr addr1>[/mask>] equals addr2>[/mask>]IP::addr parse [-swap] binary field> [offset>]IP::addr addr1> mask mask>v11 Additions/Changes:IP::addr parse [-ipv6|-ipv4 [-swap]] bytearray> [offset>]IP address comparison¶Performs comparison of IP address/subnet/supernet to IPaddress/subnet/supernet.Returns 0 if no match, 1 for a match.Use of IP::addr is not necessary if the class (v10+)or matchclass (v9) command is used to performthe address-to-address comparison.Does NOT perform a string comparison. To perform a literal stringcomparison, simply compare the 2 strings with the appropriate operator(equals, contains, starts_with, etc) rather than using the IP::addrcomparison.For versions 10.0 - 10.2.1, use the “slash notation” such as “/16” or“/24” instead of dotted decimal for the netmask like “/255.255.255.0”.The latter dotted decimal netmask notation passes iRule validation inversions 10.0 - 10.2.1, but does not reliably work. You can, however,specify the IP and mask as follows: “10.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0” (noslash at all with double quotes). The dotted decimal notation for / isrestored in version 10.2.2. (bug id 347628)IP address parsing (10.2.0-HF2 or higher only)¶Parses the value in into an IPv4 dotted quad address,starting at the given offset in bytes. The value of binaryfield must be 4 or more binary bytes intended to be parsed as an IPaddress. If the -swap option is specified, network byte orderconversion is performed on the bytes before parsing the address.Network ID Query¶Calculates the network ID of the given IP address and netmask for usein such constructs as switch statements.Route Domains¶The address parameter does not pick up the partition default RouteDomain. This is ID476920. When matching an address with a RouteDomain, the Route Domain must be specified.Examples¶To perform comparison of IP address 10.10.10.1 with subnet 10.0.0.0.(Will return 1, since it is a match.)[IP::addr 10.10.10.1 equals 10.0.0.0/8]To perform comparison of client-side IP address with subnet 10.0.0.0.(Will return 1 or 0, depending on client IP address.)[IP::addr [IP::client_addr]/8 equals 10.0.0.0][IP::addr "10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0" equals [IP::client_addr]][IP::addr 10.42.2.0/24 equals 10.42.2.1]: 1[IP::addr 10.42.2.2 equals 10.42.2.0/24]: 1[IP::addr "10.42.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0" equals 10.42.2.1]: 1[IP::addr 10.42.2.2 equals "10.42.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0"]: 1To select a specific pool for a specific client IP address.when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { if { [IP::addr [IP::client_addr] equals 10.10.10.10] } { pool my_pool }}To perform a comparison of IP address 10.10.10.1 with a list ofaddresses in a Data Group List, use class (v10) ormatchclass (v9) instead:[class match 10.10.10.1 equals client_ip_class][matchclass 10.10.10.1 equals myIPs]To validate an IP address, you can use catch statement (by natty76)set a
2025-04-03