Igbo calendar

The Igbo calendar (Igbo: Ògụ́àfọ̀ Ị̀gbò) is the traditional calendar system of the Igbo people from present-day Nigeria. The calendar has 13 months in a year (afo), 7 weeks in a month (onwa), and 4 days of Igbo market days (afor, nkwo, eke, and orie) in a week (izu) plus an extra day at the end of the year, in the last month. The name of these months was reported by Onwuejeogwu (1981).Although worship and spirit honoring was a very big part in the creation and development of the Igbo calendar system, commerce also played a major role in creating the Igbo calendar. This was emphasized in Igbo mythology itself. An example of this is the Igbo market days of which each community has a day assigned to open its markets, this way the Igbo calendar is still in use.Some Igbo communities have tried to adjust the thirteen month calendar to twelve months, in line with the Gregorian calendar.The calendar is neither universal nor synchronized, so various groups will be at different stages of the week, or even year. Nonetheless the four-eight day cycle serves to synchronize the inter-village market days, and substantial parts (for example the Kingdom of Nri) do share the same year-start.Market daysIgbos generally have four market days, namely: eke, orie, afor and nkwo. The market days according to the Igbo calendar follow each other sequentially as shown below:EkeOrieAforNkwoIn various parts of Igboland, each community has a market named after the aforementioned four market days, e.g., Eke market, Afor market.SystemIn the traditional Igbo calendar a week (Igbo: Izu) has 4 days (Igbo: Ubochi) (Eke, Orie, Afọ, Nkwọ), seven weeks make one month (Igbo: Ọnwa), a month has 28 days and there are 13 months a year. In the last month, an extra day is added (an intercalary

Day). The traditional time keepers in Igboland are the priests or Dibia.No.Months (Ọnwa)Gregorian equivalent1Ọnwa Mbụ(February–March)2Ọnwa Abụo(March–April)3Ọnwa Ife Eke(April–May)4Ọnwa Anọ(May–June)5Ọnwa Agwụ(June–July)6Ọnwa Ifejiọkụ(July–August)7Ọnwa Alọm Chi(August to early September)8Ọnwa Ilo Mmụọ(Late September)9Ọnwa Ana(October)10Ọnwa Okike(Early November)11Ọnwa Ajana(Late November)12Ọnwa Ede Ajana(Late November to December)13Ọnwa Ụzọ Alụsị(January to early February)The days correspond to the four cardinal points, Afọ corresponds to north, Nkwọ to south, Eke to east, and Orie to west. These spirits, who were fishmongers, were created by Chineke (Faith and Destiny) in order to establish a social system throughout Igboland.While there are four days, they come in alternate cycles of “major” and “minor”, giving a longer eight day cycle.An example of a month: Ọnwa MbụEkeOrieAfọNkwọ12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728UseThe Igbo calendar is not universal, and is described as “not something written down and followed … rather it is observed in the mind of the people.”Naming after datesNewborn babies are sometimes named after the day they were born on, though this is no longer commonly used. Names such as Mgbeke (maiden on the day of Eke), Mgborie (maiden on the Orie day) and so on were common among the Igbo people. For males Mgbo is replaced by Oko (Igbo: Male child ) or Nwa (Igbo: Child ). An example of this is Nwankwo Kanu, a popular footballer.Months and meaningsThe following months are in reference to the Nri-Igbo calendar of the Nri kingdom which may differ from other Igbo calendars in terms of naming, rituals, and ceremonies surrounding the months.Ọnwa MbụThe first month starts from the third week of February making it the Igbo new year. The Nri-Igbo calendar year corresponding to the Gregorian year of 2012 was initially slated to begin with the annual year-counting festival known as Igu Aro on February 18 (an Nkwọ day on the third week of February). The Igu Aro festival which was held

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