Universal bot

To the group.Get the Group IDTo interact with the Telegram group, the ESP32 needs to know the telegram group ID. In you Telegram account, open your group. The group ID should be on the URL as shown below.Save the group ID because you’ll need it later.Preparing Arduino IDEWe’ll program the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards using Arduino IDE, so make sure you have them installed in your Arduino IDE.Installing the ESP32 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)Installing ESP8266 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)Universal Telegram Bot LibraryTo interact with the Telegram bot, we’ll use the Universal Telegram Bot Library created by Brian Lough that provides an easy interface for the Telegram Bot API.Follow the next steps to install the latest release of the library.Click here to download the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library.Go to Sketch > Include Library > Add.ZIP Library...Add the library you’ve just downloaded.And that’s it. The library is installed.Important: don’t install the library through the Arduino Library Manager because it might install a deprecated version.For all the details about the library, take a look at the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot Library GitHub page.ArduinoJson LibraryYou also have to install the ArduinoJson library. Follow the next steps to install the library.Go to Skech > Include Library > Manage Libraries.Search for “ArduinoJson”.Install the library.We’re using ArduinoJson library version 6.15.2.Parts RequiredFor this example you just need one ESP32 or an ESP8266 board.ESP32 board (read Best ESP32 dev boards)Alternative – ESP8266 board (read Best ESP8266 dev boards)You can use the preceding links or go directly to MakerAdvisor.com/tools to find all the parts for your projects at the best price!The following code allows you to control your ESP32 or ESP8266 NodeMCU GPIOs by sending messages to a group where your Telegram Bot is a member.To make this sketch work for you, you need to insert your network credentials (SSID and password), the Telegram Bot Token and your Telegram Group ID./* Rui Santos Complete project details at Project created using Brian Lough's Universal Telegram Bot Library: ESP32 #include #else #include #endif#include #include // Universal Telegram Bot Library written by Brian Lough: // Replace with your network credentialsconst char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";// Initialize Telegram BOT#define BOTtoken "XXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" // your Bot Token (Get from Botfather)// Use @myidbot to find out the chat ID of an individual or a group// Also note that you need to click "start" on a bot before it can// message you#define CHAT_ID "-XXXXXXXXXX"#ifdef ESP8266 X509List cert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT);#endifWiFiClientSecure client;UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken, client);// Checks for new messages every 1 second.int botRequestDelay = 1000;unsigned long lastTimeBotRan;const int ledPin = 2;bool ledState = LOW;// Handle what happens when you receive new messagesvoid handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages) { Serial.println("handleNewMessages"); Serial.println(String(numNewMessages)); for (int

Skip to main content This browser is no longer supported. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Add third party authentication to Adaptive Cards Universal Actions Article02/23/2023 In this article -->Adaptive Cards Universal Actions use the bot as the common backend for handling actions and introduce a new action type Action.Execute, which works across apps, such as Teams and Outlook.NoteSupport for Adaptive Cards Universal Actions schema version v1.4 is only available for cards sent by bot.You can enable the following scenarios with Action.Execute on your Adaptive Cards Universal Action:Universal ActionsUser Specific ViewsSequential WorkflowsUp to Date ViewTo learn more about Adaptive Cards Universal Actions, see Adaptive Cards Universal Actions.If you want to add user-specific views in instances where an Adaptive Card with Universal Action is shared, in the context of a group chat or a channel, the user might need to be authenticated.In the past, users who were chatting one-on-one with the bot had to wait while you sent them a separate auth card to authenticate. To communicate with the bot, user would need to switch from the group chat or channel that would disturb the flow.Authentication flow in Action.Execute protocolAuthentication flow for OAuth, within the Action.Execute protocol, enables authentication within the context of the group chat or channel conversation where the Adaptive Card is shared.Bots can respond with sign-in request in response to Action.Execute for:Adaptive Cards sent by bot in a one-on-one chat, group chat, or a channel.Adaptive Cards sent by app user via message extension app (backed by bot) in one-on-one chat, group chat, or channel.Adaptive Cards present in compose or preview area while the user is composing the message. In the compose area, refresh in Adaptive Card works and the bot might want to use a token to provide

Code value.Teams client creates and sends the adaptiveCard/action invoke activity with name. The value includes the state field containing the authorization code:{ 'type': 'invoke', 'name': 'adaptiveCard/action' 'value': { 'action': { 'id': 'abc123', 'type': 'Action.Execute', 'verb': 'saveCommand', 'data': { 'firstName': 'Jeff', 'lastName': 'Derstadt' } }, 'state': '123456' }, ...}Senders must include a state field.The channel delivers this invoke to the bot, which uses the authentication code to retrieve the token from the Token Service. The Token Service delivers the user's access token to the bot.Receivers might ignore the adaptiveCard/action invoke or reply with an error if there's a missing or empty state field.If the value in the state field is incorrect, the bot returns an error to the Teams client as follows: { 'statusCode': 401, 'type': 'application/vnd.microsoft.error.invalidAuthCode', }Teams client can again prompt the user for the correct authorization code or can send an Action.Execute request again.If the authorization code in the state field is correct, the bot uses the access token on behalf of the user to perform its actions.The bot responds with a card or message to the Teams client without an error.See alsoWork with Adaptive Cards Universal ActionsEnable SSO for Adaptive Cards Universal Actions --> Collaborate with us on GitHub The source for this content can be found on GitHub, where you can also create and review issues and pull requests. For more information, see our contributor guide. Additional resources In this article

Way to filter traffic.Google Analytics bot filtering in GA 4 has some limitations compared to Universal Analytics. Universal Analytics provided various options, such as:Built-in bot filteringCustom filteringHowever, in GA4, the only way I found to filter traffic was by using the List Unwanted Referral method.Even though spam traffic is a common issue many web administrators face, Google hasn’t provided an obvious bot filtering section. Thus, it makes it difficult for those with limited technical knowledge to effectively filter the bad bots from the good and real users.I know how hard and frustrating it can be. It took me days to understand how to add a Google Analytics bot filter.List Unwanted ReferralsI like this option the best because it is super easy to set up. You simply add the referral URL, and it blocks it from appearing in the reports.To find unwanted referral traffic, go to Report → Acquistion → Traffic Acquistion. Scroll down, and in the dropdown menu, select Session Source.1.) Click on the admin icon at the bottom to go to the admin interface.2.) Click on Data Streams in the Data Collection and Modification section.3.) Select the stream and click on the Configure tag setting links.4.) It will open a new page. You may need to click the Show More button to get more options.5.) Now click on the List Unwanted Referrals, and in the first dropdown select the type you want. I choose the Referral domain exactly matches option, and in the second field, I paste the referral

Or another method to either bypass the server-level blocking, or Google Analytics bot filtering isn’t working properly.Unfortunately, unlike the old version, Universal Analytics there is bot filtering in GA4. However, there is an option to add the domain to the unwanted referral lists. I will guide you step-by-step regarding filtering bots out of GA4.What is Bot Traffic?Bot traffic refers to spammers who visit your site using bots. The bot could be a program or piece of software they are using or a script they have written to automate the process. It allows them to send multiple visits to your site continuously. These repeated visits lead to sudden spikes in website traffic that count as views and new users in your Google Analytics reports.The sole purpose of bots isn’t to generate fake traffic or manipulate analytics data. It is a misconception. Yes, some generate fake traffic to destroy users’ experience, but they have other motives for flooding your site with spam. However, our goal isn’t to identify what they are up to. We need to filter good traffic from bad bots to get an accurate reading of our Google Analytics reports.Is Bot Traffic Bad for SEO?If it is good bot traffic, then no. If it is a bad bot, then yes, it is bad for SEO.You need to know what kind of bot traffic your site is dealing with. Good bots are great for SEO, but bad bots are the ones you need to look out for.Here are a few reasons

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